tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-187764592024-02-29T05:11:04.446+08:00El genocidio filipino The Filipino genocideThe destruction of the Philippines: Terror, torture, scorched earth policy, reconcentration and extermination under the American
occupation of the Philippines.
La destrucción de Filipinas: Terror, tortura, tierra quemada, reconcentración y exterminio bajo la ocupación estadounidense de Filipinas.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.comBlogger80125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-81739298862873403792009-09-14T22:46:00.005+08:002009-09-15T00:25:16.395+08:00The eradication of Spanish, the revolutionaries' language. American-promoted Filipino. IVGeneral Wood, at a recent banquet in Manila, is reported as making the following definition of a stable government:<br /><br /><em>A stable government means civic courage, courts of justice which give equal opportunities to the senator as well as to the simple tao, resources ready for disposal at any moment they are needed by the country, organization which will enable the country to defend its integrity, adequate hospitals all over the Islands which are not found in the provinces we have just visited, social organization which shows keen human interest in the protection of the needy and the poor, effective public sanitation, <strong>common language</strong>, and many others</em>.<br />[underscoring supplied]<br /><br />Diogenes, with his lamp, searched for less than this! All of the requirements mentioned by General Wood would be desirable in the Philippines; so they would be in the United States. Could either country ever fulfil them in the eyes of a hostile critic? Do any of the existing governments of the world to-day fulfil them? Would not the "common language" bar Switzerland, where there are four official languages, -French, German, Italian and Romansh? One fourth of the Canadians speak French, and English is hardly understood in Quebec. Would the Canadians relish this test as applied to them? Are they unfit for independence because they have not a "stable government"? Have they "adequate hospitals" throughout the provinces, and an "organization which will enable the country to defend its integrity" against all comers? Has Belgium? Has the millennium yet arrived in any part of this troubled globe? I seriously doubt it.<br /><br />Author: Harrison, Francis Burton, 1873-1957.Publication Info: New York,: The Century co., 1922.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-31853588579445477242009-09-14T22:38:00.003+08:002009-09-15T00:25:04.156+08:00The eradication of Spanish, the revolutionaries' language. American-promoted Filipino. IIIPatriarchal or feudal life in the remote districts was still the order of the day. Authority, always of powerful influence in Malay history, was elevated to the rank of a religion. In the villages a modified form of self-government was permitted, though the local priest was always the power behind the throne and the court of last resort. Schools were maintained by the padres, and instruction given in the native tongue, -in rare instances in Spanish. These schools were, however, skilfully used by the Spanish to accentuate and develop the differences in local dialects. Theirs was the principle "Divide and rule." Originally all speaking the Malay tongue, the Filipinos were encouraged through these centuries to enlarge and enrich the local differences of pronunciation, until to-day the Ilocano, the Tagalog and the Visayan can hardly converse with one another except through English or Spanish. The grammars written by the priests accomplished their purpose. Writing was discouraged by them except upon the religious themes prescribed by the priest himself. Dr. Niewen, of theyouthful but rapidly growing Educational Department of Java, upon his second visit of inspection to the Philippines recently, told me that in Java, in twenty years, the people had broken down the differences between their five dialects and fused them all again into one Malay tongue; it was his opinion that we could, with our much larger public-school system in the Philippines, amalgamate the large number of local dialects into one tongue within five years of teaching in the primary grades.<br /><br />Francis Burton Harrison, 1922fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-60620397176474686412009-09-14T22:30:00.004+08:002009-09-15T00:24:43.025+08:00The eradication of Spanish, the revolutionaries' language. American-promoted Filipino. IIOn the other hand, I met no one, American or Filipino, teacher or layman, who believes that English can become the vernacular of the country, and the authorities do not seem to expect that it can or will. On this account, I paid close attention to the dialects of the several provinces, compared their books, and gathered phonographic records of them. These seven or eight dialects are not essentially different: they are only variations of Tagalog, and whoever knows one can easily acquire the others. The recently published exhaustiveTagalog grammar of Lendoyro says: "The similarity between Tagalog and the other dialects is such as to make it easy for natives from different parts to understand each other by using their respective dialects for general conversational topics."<br />I roughly calculate that half the words are identical in all and many of the other words have some resemblance, while the grammatical forms are the same. The mutual unintelligibility arises from variation in intonation and accent and from the difference in perhaps 40 per cent of the words.<br />I made an appeal through my teacher, Mr. Lope K. Santos, Tagalog editor of El Renacimiento, to all native editors and writers to hold a conference and make an attempt to fuse these dialects into a uniform or common one; first, by agreeing on the alphabet and spelling of words; second, by eliminating all Spanish words where a native substitute could be used; third, by collaborating and unifying the vocabularies of the dialects. This conference was held on September 3, 1903, and will doubtless result in some good. As strongly as I can I appeal to the Government, both in Washington and in Manila, to aid in this work of fusion. The editors to whom I spoke in Luzon and in the Visayas approved the movement. The publishers of the numerous popular books which are found for sale in every market place in the islands can easily be induced to cooperate. Men like Tolentino, who is in Bilibid prison pending his appeal on the charge of writing a seditious play, ought to be employed in such work. The constabulary can imprison such men, but I would win them and use them. Which is better politics?<br /><br />Govt. print. off., 1904] David Jessup Dohertyfonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-3582230802588243512009-09-14T22:12:00.006+08:002009-09-15T00:24:30.093+08:00The eradication of Spanish, the revolutionaries' language. American-promoted Filipino. IThe first vocabulary of <em>Filipino </em>appeared in 1915. It was published by the American Philosophical Society. Its author, Eusebio T. Daluz.<br /><br />CERTIFICATE OF APPROBATION<br /><br />CERTIFICAMOS que este Vocabulario Filipino-Inglés fué aprobado y adoptado oficialmente por la Academia de la Lengua Filipina en sesión ordinaria celebrada el día 7 de Marzo de 1915. Y para que conste firmamos la presente en Manila, 1. F., hoy veintidós de Mayo del año del Señor de mil novecientos quince.<br /><br />SOFRONIO G. CALDERON, Presidente de la "Akademyang Wikàng Pilipino".<br /><br />REFRENDADO: PAUL L. STANGL, B. S, M. Ph., Secretario interino y Vice-Secretario de la 'Akademya ng Wikàng Pilipino".<br /><br /><br />PREFACE<br /><br />This historical, constructional period, in which the national ideals seem to acquire definite form; when national boundaries are tending to become defined more and more along lines of ethnical cleavage and entities group on race affinity; when the consciousness of a world mission becomes the logical fruit of widespread education, and each racial unit tends to arrange itself upon its natural base, to develop more fully and take its proper place in the concert of world powers to bear its share of the burden and the heat of the day in bringing to richer fruition the heritage of man; this is the time of creating new factors of linguistic development. In this epoch the natives of the Philippines, after being, for over three centuries shut off by a worse than Chinese wall of exclusion of progress, tight bound by the swaddling clothes of religious and secular prejudice, whereby growth was hindered, have at last been freed of the trammels, and in less than two decades have taken enormous strides forward on the path of national greatness. It is at such time, when the trammels of dialects and other variants of speech are most strongly made manifest, and prove the test of true national fitness. A united Germany with its people speaking diverse dialects was only solved by making one of them the standard and from the rest enriching it, making it the virile expression of national consciousness.The world has seen no strong nation adopt the language of another people; still less that of a race alien in thought, feeling, speech and habit. Hence, however well meaning it may be to try or implant the English speech in these islands as a common medium, it is so obviously a violation of all psychic and ethnic unities, that can never, in the opinion of the writer, be a lasting success. Hence a solution along those lines that centuries of experience has proven to be the only logical, because natural one, that of a developed national language based on national stock and material, enriched and perfected, but akin to the native spirit of rich and poor alike, is the only one that, in the end, will succeed. Whatever the place of English, no doubt important in the economic development of land and people, a national malasian language is bound to be the proper vehicle of a united Filipino people. Hence a book like the present, which gives concrete form to this innate aspiration, and whatever its present imperfections, which definitely shapes the raw material along plausible, stable lines of development, is worthy of applause, study and support. It can only be recomended to the thoughtful study of friend and foe alike, in order that it may fulfil its mission of aiding in the solution of that important question, the future language of the Filipino people. May it meet with success, and that each successive edition be a vast improvement on the preceding one, is the earnest wish of<br /><br />PAUL L. STANGL, B. S. M. Ph.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-19792798993763322422009-09-05T17:57:00.001+08:002009-09-06T09:03:13.690+08:00The price of blood. I"The time is rapidly approaching," says Hon. John Barret, President Cleveland's minister to Siam, "when Japan, China, Korea, Siam, and the Philippines will consume every pound of the South's surplus cotton, manufactured or raw, and make her absolutely independent of the British or European market. Every farmer, laborer, and manufacturer in the South have deep concern in America's Asiatic opportunity. There should not be a discordant note from the Roanoke to the Rio Grande in support of a policy to extend, protect and control the markets of Orient."<br /><br />Friday, December 1, 1899 Akron Pioneer Pressfonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-51200434938545001882009-06-15T08:00:00.002+08:002009-06-15T08:02:58.996+08:00American fury in the Philippines.XLIX / ExterminationOn the eve of the Samar campaign, the war was clearly degenerating into mass slaughter. It was hardly precise to call it “war” any longer. The Americans were simply chasing ragged, poorly armed bands of guerrillas, and failing to catch them, were inflicting the severest punishment on those they could catch _ the people of the villages and barrios of the theater of operations.<br />In late September [1901], in the town of Balangiga, Samar, American troops had for some time been abusing the townspeople by packing them into open wooden pens at night, where they were forced to sleep standing in the rain. Several scores of guerrilla General Vincent Lukban’s bolomen infiltrated the town and on the morning of September 28, while the Americans were eating their breakfast, Lukban’s men suddenly fell upon them. Heads dropped into breakfast dishes. Fifty-four Americans were boloed to death, and few of the eighteenth survivors escaped serious injury.<br />The Balangiga massacre initiated a reign of terror the likes of which had not yet been seen in this war. General [“Howling Jake”] Smith, fresh from his “victories” in Northern Luzon and Panay, was chosen to lead the American mission of revenge. Smith’s order to his men embarking upon the Samar campaign could not have been more explicit: “Kill and burn, kill and burn, the more you kill and the more you burn the more you please me”. It was, said Smith, “no time to take prisoners”. War was to be waged “in the sharpest and most decisive manner possible. When asked to define the age limit for killing, Smith gave his infamous reply: “Everything over ten”. Smith ordered Samar to be turned into a “howling wilderness” so that “even the birds could not live there”. It was boasted that “what fire and water [i.e. water torture]….had done in Panay, water and fire would do in Samar.” The now-familiar patterned of operations began once again. All the inhabitants of the island (pop. 266,000) were ordered to present themselves to detention camps in several of the larger coastal towns. Those who did not (or those who did not make it their business to learn the existence of the order), and were found outside the detention camp perimeter, would be shot, “and no questions asked”. Few reporters covered the carnage; one who did noted: “During my stay in Samar the only prisoners that were made ... were taken by Waller’s command; and I heard this act criticized by the highest officers as a mistake…The truth is, the struggle in Samar is one of extermination”…<br /><br />Luzviminda Francisco, “The first Viet-Nam: The Philippine-American war,1899-1902”fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-56617719389220342402009-06-14T04:50:00.003+08:002009-09-15T00:24:15.865+08:00The eradication of Spanish, the revolutionaries' language.An Uprooted Race<br /><br />The first and perhaps the master stroke in the plan to use education as an instrument of colonial policy was the decision to use English as the medium of instruction. English became the wedge that separated the Filipinos from their past and later was to separate educated Filipinos from the masses of their countrymen. English introduced the Filipinos to a strange, new world. With American textbooks, Filipinos started learning not only a new language but also a new way of life, alien to their traditions and yet a caricature of their model. This was the beginning of their miseducation, for they learned no longer as Filipinos but as colonials. They had to be disoriented from their nationalistic goals because they had to become good colonials. The ideal colonial was the carbon copy of his conqueror, the conformist follower of the new dispensation. He had to forget his past and unlearn the nationalist virtues in order to live peacefully, if not comfortably, under the colonial order. The new Filipino generation learned of the lives of American heroes, sang American songs, and dreamt of snow and Santa Claus. The nationalist resistance leaders exemplified by Sakay were regarded as brigands and outlaws. The lives of Philippine heroes were taught but their nationalist teachings were glossed over. Spain was the villain, America the saviour. To this day, our histories still gloss over the atrocities committed by American occupation troops such as the water cure and reconcentration camps.<br /><br />Renato Constantino , The Filipinos in the Philippines and other essaysfonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-73025657315364804062009-02-14T07:16:00.000+08:002009-02-14T07:26:59.255+08:00American fury in the Philippines. XLIX / Vigán<a href="http://i28.photobucket.com/albums/c211/hawayano/vigan.jpg"><img style="WIDTH: 512px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 438px" alt="" src="http://i28.photobucket.com/albums/c211/hawayano/vigan.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div></div>fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-16970293407524034522008-09-15T02:47:00.000+08:002008-09-15T02:53:27.629+08:00Chinese collaboration under the American occupation. VIThe command bivouacked for the night on the site of this engagement. The hope I had formed of reaching Antipolo by 1 o'clock of this day was not realized, solely because of the unanticipated condition of the trails by which the command was obliged to move and the delay thus experienced.<br />At 5 A. M. on the 4th instant the march was resumed. The Second Oregon regiment, with the battalion of the Ninth Infantry on its left, was deployed on the hills extending east from the rear of Taytay,to prevent advance of the enemy from the latter place, while the<br />remainder of the column continued on the trail. The killed and wounded and the considerable number of men otherwise disabled were transported by litters by Chinese coolies and insurgent prisoners, following the Oregon regiment over the hills, with a view of thus reaching the main road between Antipolo and Taytay, upon which the ambulances were to reach us.<br /><br /><br /><br />Title: The official records of the Oregon volunteers in the Spanish warand Philippine insurrection<br /><br />Author: Oregon. Adjutant-General's Office. Page 601fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-81594319477477447642008-09-15T01:51:00.000+08:002008-09-15T01:56:58.690+08:00Chinese collaboration under the American occupation. VReport of Maj. Herbert W. Cardwell, U. S. V., Chief Surgeon, First Division, Eighth Army Corps, April 21 to May 30, 1899.<br /><br />HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, EIGHTH ARMY CORPS, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SURGEON, 3Manila, P. I., May 31, 1899.<br /><br />SURGEON GENERAL UNITED STATES ARMY. (Through military channels.)<br /><br />SIR: I have the honor to present here with a special report on the work of the medical department and Hospital Corps during the expedition under the command of Maj. Gen. H. W. Lawton, U. S. V., into the provinces of Bulacan, Nueve Ecija, and (A. M.) de la Pampanga from April 21 to May 30, 1899, inclusive.<br />On receipt of General Orders, No. 20, Headquarters First Division, Eighth Army Corps, dated Manila, P. I., April 19, 1899, designating the troops to take part in the expedition, I required a report from the medical officer of the designated troops as to the physical condition of the medical officers and Hospital Corps men of his command, and as to whether he was sufficiently supplied to carry out the movement contemplated, which was specified as to occupy ten days. Medical offcers.-Twenty-second U. S. Infantry, Capt. John A. Kulp, U. S. A., and Dr. Isaac W. Brewer, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A.; Gale's squadron, Fourth U. S. Cavalry (three dismounted troops), Dr. G. W. Daywalt, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A.; First North Dakota Volunteer Infantry, Maj. F. D. Pease-captain and assistant surgeon, Black being on sick leave; Scott's battery, Dr. E. K. Johnstone, acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A., who had not reported, but was hurried from Corregidor in time to take the field; Hawthorne's battery, no medical officer. Under verbal orders from the division commander I detailed Maj. George H. Penrose, brigade surgeon, U. S. V., as brigade surgeon on the expedition, and Lieut. F. M. Kemp, assistant surgeon, U. S. A., from the Fourteenth United States Infantry, to act as ambulance surgeon. I secured from Capt. F. R. Keefer, commanding officer of the ambulance company, four ambulances. These ambulances were in bad order, with leaky canvas and leaky water tanks, no tools, and no spare parts. Animals consisting of one team of four native ponies in bad order and two teams of two mules each, and for the ambulance I secured, through the division quartermaster, one team of four native ponies, the quality of which was not guaranteed, and which proved to be bad. Hearing semiofficially that battalions from Third U. S. Infantry, Oregon and Minnesota Volunteers, would join the column later, I investigated their condition as to medical officers and Hospital Corps men. Finding that the Third Infantry had no medical officer with them the chief surgeon borrowed, at my request, Dr. Van Wagemen from the hospital ship Relief, and secured an order from corps headquarters detailing Doctor Pitcher from the Seventeenth Infantry to the Third Infantry. I drew from the Quartermaster's Department twenty extra litters for the use of a squad of forty Chinese litter bearers furnished by the Quartermaster's Department and assigned by me pro rata to the different organizations. Maj. G. H. Penrose drew from the purveyor's storehouse sufficient medical and surgical supplies to enable him to conduct a brigade field hospital without tentage, and drew from the commissary one hundred rations in addition to liberal supply of beef extract, cocoa, and malted milk. The Quartermaster's Department was unable to furnish any transportation for these supplies, and it was necessary to load them into ambulances if they were to be carried at all. This seriously interfered with our facilities for transportation of the sick and wounded.<br /><br />In this connection I desire to express the opinion that the Chinese coolie can be made to play a very important and useful part in any campaigning in these islands. If assured that he will receive his pay and rations he will do any amount of work and face any amount of rifle fire, but he requires to be under the constant supervision of some authority. In the Oregons each private of the hospital corps was charged with the oversight and made responsible for the presence at all times of two coolies with one litter, and the service rendered was excellent.<br /><br />Title: The official records of the Oregon volunteers in the Spanish war and Philippine insurrection, page 581<br />Author: Oregon. Adjutant-General's Office.<br /><a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?page=home;c=philamer;cc=philamer" target="_top"> </a>fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-8252527924991110842008-09-15T01:39:00.000+08:002008-09-15T01:50:52.974+08:00Chinese collaboration under the American occupation. IVDuring the day, May 4th, the wagon train left for Malolos to bring out supplies which would arrive there the day following; it was accompanied by the sick and wounded in ambulances. Much annoyance was caused by the Chinese coolies, furnished by the quartermaster department as litter bearers and laborers, wandering from the organizations to which they were attached and committing many minor depredations, necessitating the issue of the following orders:<br /><br />GENERAL FIELD ORDERS,HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION, No. 7. EIGHTH ARMY CORPS,<br />In the Field, Baliuag, May 4, 1899.<br /><br />Hereafter each Chinese coolie with his command will be required to wear upon his hat, or other conspicuous part of his clothing, a tag which will be legibly marked in English the name of the organization to which the wearer is assigned or belongs. Commencing to-morrow, the 5th instant, all such camp followers found without the identification tax above required will be arrested and turned over to the provost guard.<br />No coolie wearing such an identification tag will be required to perform labor for individuals or organizations than that to which he is assigned or belongs, and no unauthorized person will, in any way, interfere with any Chinaman not misconducting himself.<br />Commanding officers of organizations are charged with the prompt execution of the above orders, and will be held strictly accountable for the conduct of the coolies assigned or belonging to their respective commands.<br /><br />By command of Major General Lawton: CLARENCE R. EDWARDS, AssistantAdjutant Generalfonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-44760480334903358012008-09-15T01:35:00.000+08:002008-09-15T01:39:00.094+08:00Chinese collaboration under the American occupation. IIIThe Third United States Infantry was posted at the approaches to the ford, where the advance portion of the column had rested the night before, to protect the passage of the transportation. The remainder of the command, with the wagon train, resumed the advance toward the river. The same conditions (or worse, if possible) as on the day previous continued to impede the progress of the wagon train. Captain Gale, with his dismounted squadron of the Fourth Cavalry, furnished the advance guard and convoy of the train, and with his entire command rendered valuable aid assisting in building bridges and making roads.<br />Lieutenant Hawthorne, with his mountain battery detachment, Maj. GeorgePenrose and Lieutenant Kemp, of the Medical Corps, with their hospital squads and Chinese litter bearers, lent willing hands to overcome what frequently appeared insurmountable obstacles to further progress.<br /><br />Title: The official records of the Oregon volunteers in the Spanish warand Philippine insurrection,Author: Oregon. Adjutant-General's Office. Page 558fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-67228710457002606862008-09-15T01:30:00.000+08:002008-09-15T01:34:42.672+08:00Chinese collaboration under the American occupation. IIEfforts to secure a water line of communication by Manila Bay and theMalolos estuary were made immediately and continued for more than two weeks. The proper mouth of the estuary was found with considerable difficulty.<br />A bar had formed in front of it, making the entrance very tortuous. Up this two of our gunboats worked their way, but encountered well-driven piles and other obstructions which the insurgents had placed there and around which mud and sand had collected, making the water too shoal for navigation. Near the mouth of the stream a dredge was used and the gunboats removed a good many of the pile obstructions, but satisfactory results could not be obtained and the work was abandoned.<br />A considerable detail of soldiers was made to put in sufficient repair for immediate use of the railway from Manila to Malolos, and Chinese labor was hired. The track had been considerably damaged by the insurgents and a number of bridges partially destroyed, but Major Devol, of the Quartermaster'sDepartment, overcame all difficulties, and, with the engines captured at Caloocan, gave Malolos daily railway train service.<br /><br />Title: The official records of the Oregon volunteers in the Spanishwar and Philippine insurrection,Author: Oregon. Adjutant-General's Office. Page 489fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-9177634189819506292008-09-15T01:19:00.000+08:002008-09-15T01:29:42.293+08:00Chinese collaboration under the American occupation. IThe military operations which have since taken place in Panay will be noted in a later portion of this report. As soon as Iloilo was occupied by our troops a government was established and has been successfully prosecuted.<br />The rapid changes in the spirit, demeanor,and demonstrations of the inhabitants of Manila of all classes between the 5th and 10th of February could be witnessed only in a community made up of the most heterogeneous elements. On the 6th the educated business classes, foreign and native born, were surprisingly hopeful that hostilities would soon end. The natives of the middle and working classes were sullen, though undetermined.<br />The large Chinese laboring population rejoiced over the punishment of their race enemies and the opportunity offered it for looting the country from which the insurgent forces had been driven. These Chinese had followed quite closely our advancing lines and secured many minor articles of property which by them were considered of value.<br />We had employed them, too, extensively to perform a good deal of the work connected with supplying the troops at the front, and they performed faithful service.<br /><br />Title: The official records of the Oregon volunteers in the Spanish war and Philippine insurrection, pag. 484-85<br />Author: Oregon. Adjutant-General's Officefonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-62391897115452023732008-07-13T23:26:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:30:51.522+08:00American torture in the Philippines. IXTo get at the truth as to the state of civilization of the Filipinos<br /> at the time of the Spanish conquest one must carefully weigh the<br /> evidences of an accumulation of mainly useless and unreliable<br /> documents, and the history of the Philippines has yet to be written in<br /> the modern spirit; but it is sufficient for this discussion to say<br /> that there is no place for the notion that the Filipinos are savages<br /> held in check by religious awe and superstition. Here, as throughout<br /> the discussion, no reference is had to the Moros, the Indonesian hill<br /> tribes of Mindanao, or the mountain wild people of Luzón and a few<br /> other islands. The Negritos remaining are a negligible quantity. There<br /> are cruelty and indifference to suffering, often to a shocking degree.<br /> These are due to an ever present fatalism, which the little real<br /> religious teaching the people have received has built upon rather than<br /> sought to eliminate, and to the absolute lack of an appeal to, or of<br /> an attempt to educate, higher feelings. If it is to be assumed at the<br /> outset that these people are forever incapable of such higher<br /> feelings, then it ought also to have been assumed that they were<br /> incapable of Christianity. Water torture, which has in some cases been<br /> resorted to on our side, is one of the forms of torture to which these<br /> people are accustomed. The list of victims buried alive by order of<br /> guerrilla chiefs, the maiming, mutilations, and secret assassinations<br /> certainly make up an appalling and shocking chapter. War stirs up the<br /> darkest passions among the most advanced peoples, however, and it was<br /> in a degree to be expected that a people untrained in modern<br /> international usages, and never in the past treated as though they<br /> belonged to the brotherhood of man, or were responsible to humanity<br /> for humaneness, would not exhibit an entirely refined code of slaying.<br /> The "ethics of warfare," - after all, is that not a rather paradoxical<br /> phrase? That instances of real brutality on the part of our troops<br /> have been the exception has been stated to be the opinion of the<br /> writer. On the confession of the officer who conducted it, the<br /> campaign in the island of Samar from October to March last must be<br /> excepted from this general statement. He has met the charge of<br /> violating the rules of civilized warfare with the counter-charge that<br /> the people of Samar are savages, and that it was necessary to suspend<br /> many of these rules in order to restore peace and quiet to that part<br /> of the archipelago. By inference, it then became a war of<br /> extermination till one side or the other should cry quits.<br /><br /> Title: Race prejudice in the Philippines.<br /> Author: LeRoy, James A. (James Alfred), 1875-1909.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-23723396513836676652008-07-13T23:24:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:25:59.288+08:00American torture in the Philippines. VIIIHere is a description quoted in the Washington correspondence of the<br />Chicago Record-Herald, from John Loughran, who had seen it<br />"administered to natives in the islands during the first year of<br />American supremacy" (which was certainly before the natives had been<br />discovered to be a cruel set of people): - A light but strong rope is<br />passed across the throat of the man to be examined. It is crossed<br />behind his back and carried under the arm pits, the ends are again<br />brought around the neck and over to the back, turned under the armpits<br />and shoulders, and then the free ends are carried as a girdle around<br />the waist just at the end of the ribs, and tied fast and securely. A<br />stick is put through the ropes where they cross between the shoulders,<br />and then turned to suit. " Will it make a man talk?" Mr. Loughran was<br />asked. "A wooden Indian would make a speech if you gave him the rope<br />cure," he replied. Mr. Loughran says that this was far more effective<br />than the water cure, which is slow. The rope cure often persuaded a<br />native to reveal the hiding-place of his gun; and it did it quickly,<br />because he knew that as soon as he consented to talk the stick would<br />be loosened and would fly back, relieving the agony instantaneously.<br />Of course, if the victim should have a weak heart, he might die of<br />shock; but the native Filipino does not seem to be troubled with the<br />malady. This letter could be filled with extracts like this from<br />newspapers. The testimony before the Philippine committee proves<br />conclusively that the water torture was regularly used by our troops.<br />Captain Glenn, who administered it, as shown in Panay, was at the time<br />the judge advocate of the island, and as such bound to see that<br />violations of the laws of war were punished. It was he who gave the<br />orders to burn Igbaras, which was fired between eight and nine in the<br />morning and by twelve was entirely destroyed. As to the people, " they<br />only had time to save the clothes they wore at the time," * was the<br />testimony of Private Smith, who set the fire and who testified also<br />that Lieutenant Conger ordered torture by saying " water detail,"<br />showing that this was no isolated case. Corporal Gibbs testified to<br />knowing of the water cure at Catbalogan; t tried to peep in at the<br />windows of the place where it was administered; heard the moans of the<br />victims. He saw the sickly expression on their faces as they came out.<br />He heard that one died, ) * Evidence, p. t54o. t Ibid., p. 2303. Note<br />that this was General Smith's headquarters.<br /><br /><br />Title: Secretary Root's record. "Marked severities" in Philippine<br />warfare. An analysis of the law and facts bearing on the action and<br />utterances of President Roosevelt and Secretary Root.<br />Author: Storey, Moorfield, 1845-1929.<br />Publication Info: Boston,: G.H. Ellis co., printers, 1902.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-29423361804556667022008-07-13T23:23:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:24:32.582+08:00American torture in the Philippines. VIINow Arnold has a detachment of 20 men at Calaca, 7 miles from here. Men that are under him now have told me that Arnold is having men tortured the same as before and other ways besides. This is one of his new ways: A strip of flesh is cut just above the ankle of the prisoner; it is then attached to a stick; the stick is coiled with the strip of flesh. Imagine the torture the poor man must endure! I am told that when Arnold is out looking for some criminal or suspected insurgent he will grab, or have his men grab, any native and ask for information. If the man gives no information, he is put to all kinds of torture. I saw the man that was cut at the ankle. I was over at Calaca the other day. He had his leg all bound up and was out in the road with other prisoners working. Last week a part of this troop, a part of the Calaca detachment, and some of the soldiers from Taal were out in the mountains. I was not along, but have been told by several men that Arnold had his men take an old man to a stream and keep him under water until the man was unconscious. This was because the old man did not give certain information that he was supposed to possess. " Men of H Troop have told me that they have known Arnold to have a man tied to a saddled horse. A few feet of slack was allowed. A man was then mounted on the horse and told to gallop down the road for a mile and then back. If the prisoner could run as fast as the horse it was all well, put if he could not he had to drag. Arnold had had this done several times, and more than once the prisoner was dragged. "Now, I have witnesses for all that I have written about, and should there ever be an investigation of this I will be perfectly willing to be put upon the stand. I know other men that would be willing to do the same. I believe that most of the officers and enlisted men in the army are humane, but those that practise what Arnold has should be brought to justice. It would do me no good to report this matter through army channels, as it would only be hushed up and then I would get the worst of it. Now, I am writing this letter to you; you are a close relation of mine, and for that reason I believe I can write anything. I think that you should bring this before the proper persons. "<br /><br /><br /><span><i>Mr. Root must go: </i><br />Weir, Andrew K., Weir, P. W.</span><br />[Philadelphia?: s.n., 1902]fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-48114933404340756702008-07-13T23:20:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:23:12.686+08:00American torture in the Philippines. VIBALAYAN, BATANGAS PROVINCE, LUZON, P. I., April 0o, I90o. "MY DEAR<br />UNCLE: You are a free American citizen, and as such you are entitled<br />to know how our government is carried on. I have something to inform<br />you about. It is the terrible cruelty practised upon Filipino<br />prisoners by American soldiers in these islands. First, I want to know<br />if the Constitution of the United States e and international law does<br />not prohibit torture. "We soldiers are representatives of a civilized<br />nation sent out to these islands to 'civilize' a so-called lot of<br />savages. These people, are not nearly so uncivilized as is supposed.<br />You probably have read about some of our men being put to death by<br />horrible torture, but what can you expect when we do equally as bad to<br />our prisoners? *Has any court the right to force any prisoner to<br />confess, no matter how many crimes the prisoner is supposed to have<br />committed? When I say force I mean to force by torture. The arms of<br />the United States in the Philippines is representing the law of the<br />United States. But whether or not it is proper to torture a man-, itis<br />done anyway, and under the orders of commissioned officers. I have<br />heard men of other regiments make their boasts of how they have made<br />captured insurgents tell where their arms were, but never witnessed<br />the torture but once. "The instance that I have reference to occurred<br />about two months ago. I told the officer that he had to stop it or I<br />would report him to higher authority. He said he would not practise it<br /> anymore, so I never informed on him; but now I have information<br />about him doing the same, and even worse, nearly every day. "While I<br />was one of a detachment of 24 men doing garrison duty in the town of<br />Pasay, 3 miles from Manila, a native man about 2I years ot age was<br />arrested and accused of being a murderer, highway robber, and accused<br />of rape. Now, whether the man was guilty or not I do not know, but<br />anyway Lieutenant F. T. Arnold, for he was the officer in command,<br />gave orders to Sergeant Edwards, both of Troop H, Fourth Cavalry, to<br />take the man to the basement of our quarters and get what information<br />he could out- of the man. So Edwards took the man and asked him if he<br />had any information to give. The man had none. Edwards said to the<br />rest of the soldiers who had congregated to witness the 'fun' that he<br />would have to commence operations. The prisoner was stripped naked and<br />laid on his back on the bare floor. He was then given the 'water<br />cure.' A rough stick about 8 inches long and a half inch in diameter<br />was put between the man's jaws. A soldier held the man's head down by<br />pressing on the ends of the stick. Another sat on the man's stomach,<br />and still another sat on the man's legs. Edwards had a bucket of water<br />at hand. Water was poured down the man until it was vomited up. It was<br />then repeated. This water cure must be a terrible torture alone. The<br />man heaved and begged for mercy, but to no avail. While down he was<br />whipped and beaten unmercifully. He was then stood up and asked to<br />confess. He did not. He was then beaten and clubbed again. I do not<br />think that a square inch of the man's body was left untouched. He was<br />kicked. A rope was then thrown across a beam. The man was strung up by<br />the thumbs. Another rope was tied to his ankles and his feet jerked<br />from under him. While up he was beaten. "All this time I was a<br />looker-on. I hoped that the punishment would stop. I dared not<br />interfere. But when the man was strung up by the neck I could stand it<br />no longer, so I went to the lieutenant. Before I went to him -I did<br />not know that he had given orders to Edwards to torture the man if he<br />did not confess. I told Arnold that I was an- American and that there<br />was something going on at the quarters that I could not stand. He<br />jumped all over me and asked if I was not making myself very busy. I<br />said I was not; that such carryings on were against all law. He said,<br />in a very sarcastic manner, that I knew such a lot about law. He said<br />that a lot of men in the army, especially volunteers, think that they<br />know how to run an army, but they do not. He said: 'Now, when I give a<br />man to Sergeant Edwards, I want information. I do not know how he gets<br />it, but he gets the information anyhow.' He said that these people<br />have no feelings other than physical and should not be treated as<br />human beings. I told Arnold that I did not come to,get any one in<br />trouble, but merely to have the torture stopped, that if it were not<br />stopped I would report the matter to higher authority. I was then<br />threatened with court-martial for insubordination. About this time<br />Edwards came in and said that he had succeeded in making the man tell<br />where the money was. Arnold told Edwards to take the man with him and<br />get the money. I told Arnold that as the torture was finished I would<br />not report the matter if it were not repeated. He promised not to do<br />it again. I then left him. "The prisoner did not show where the money<br />was. He had only said that -he would show the hiding-place to have the<br />torture stopped. Three weeks later the prisoner was released. Now,<br />that was criminal of Arnold.If the man was guilty he should not be<br />released. If guilty he should not be tortured anyway. - The rest of<br />the time that I was with the detachment under Arnold no torture was<br />committed that I know of. " Now Arnold has a detachment of 20 men at<br />Calaca, 7 miles from here. Men that are under him now have told me<br />that Arnold is having men tortured the same as before and other ways<br />besides. This is one of his new ways: A strip of flesh is cut just<br />above the ankle of the prisoner; it is then attached to a stick; the<br />stick is coiled with the strip of flesh. Imagine the torture the poor<br />man must endure! I am told that when Arnold is out looking for some<br />criminal or suspected insurgent he will grab, or have his men grab,<br />any native and ask for information. If the man gives no information,<br />he is put to all kinds of torture. I saw the man that was cut at the<br />ankle. I was over at Calaca the other day. He had his leg all bound up<br />and was out in the road with other prisoners working. Last week a part<br />of this troop, a part of the Calaca detachment, and some of the<br />soldiers from Taal were out in the mountains. I was not along, but<br />have been told by several men that Arnold had his men take an old man<br />to a stream and keep him under water until the man was unconscious.<br />This was because the old man did not give certain information that he<br />was supposed to possess. " Men of H Troop have told me that they have<br />known Arnold to have a man tied to a saddled horse. A few feet of<br />slack was allowed. A man was then mounted on the horse and told to<br />gallop down the road for a mile and then back. If the prisoner could<br />run as fast as the horse it was all well, put if he could not he had<br />to drag. Arnold had had this done several times, and more than once<br />the prisoner was dragged. "Now, I have witnesses for all that I have<br />written about, and should there ever be an investigation of this I<br />will be perfectly willing to be put upon the stand. I know other men<br />that would be willing to do the same. I believe that most of the<br />officers and enlisted men in the army are humane, but those that<br />practise what Arnold has should be brought to justice. It would do me<br />no good to report this matter through army channels, as it would only<br />be hushed up and then I would get the worst of it. Now, I am writing<br />this letter to you; you are a close relation of mine, and for that<br />reason I believe I can write anything. I think that you should bring<br />this before the proper persons. "Lieutenant Frederick T. Arnold was<br />appointed to West Point from Iowa in I893. He graduated from West<br />Point in 1897 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Sixth<br />Cavalry. He is-now second lieutenant of Troop H, Fourth Cavalry. I<br />hope that the proper people of the United States will take hold of<br />this case and have all torture in these islands stopped. "Well, my<br />dear uncle, as I have already written so much on this subject, I will<br />not write about other subjects. I am in fine health, and hope that you<br />are the same. Give my love to all. "I remain, your loving nephew,<br />"ANDREW K. WEIR, JR., "Troop C, Fourth United States Cavalry, Balayan,<br /><br /><br />P. I." Title: Mr. Root must go:<br />Publication Info: [Philadelphia? : s.n., 1902]fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-1482257626717235782008-07-13T23:19:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:20:34.247+08:00American torture in the Philippines. VI have another letter. All that I know about it is that it appeared in<br />the Portland Oregonian of January 29, 1902, and is as follows:<br /><br /><br />SEATTLE, January 28.<br />Clarence Clowe, of Seattle, who recently arrived home from the<br />Philippines, where he served as a private in Company H, Twenty-fifth<br />Infantry, United States Volunteers, has authorized the publication of<br />a letter written by him to Senator HOAR from the islands June 10,<br />1900. Clowe asks in the letter honorable discharge from a service that<br />is outraging his conscience. In alleging inhuman treatment by American<br />soldiers toward Filipinos he says in part: "At any time I am liable to<br />be called upon to go out and bind and gag helpless prisoners, to<br />strike them in the face, to knock them down when so bound, to bear<br />them away from wife and children, at their very door, who are<br />shrieking pitifully the while or kneeling and kissing the hands of our<br />officers, imploring mercy from those who seem not to know what it is,<br />and then, with a crowd of soldiers, hold our helpless victim head<br />downward in a tub of water in his own yard, or bind him hand and foot.<br />attaching ropes to head and feet, and then lowering him into the<br />depths of a well of water till life is well-nigh choked out and the<br />bitterness of death has been tasted, and our poor gasping victims ask<br />us for the poor boon of being finished off, in mercy to themselves.<br />"All these things have been done at one time or another by our men,<br />generally in cases of trying to obtain information as to the location<br />of arms and ammunition. "Nor can it be said that there is any general<br />repulsion on the part of the enlisted men to taking part in these<br />doings. I regret to have to say that, on the contrary, the majority of<br />soldiers take a keen delight in them and rush with joy to the making<br />of this latest development of a Roman holiday."<br /><br /><br />Title: The problem in the Philippines. Speech of Hon. Henry M. Teller,<br />of Colorado, in the Senate of the United States ... February 11, 12,<br />and 13, 1902.<br />Author: Teller, Henry Moore, 1830-1914.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-82774265867544795632008-07-13T23:18:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:19:24.164+08:00American torture in the Philippines. IVThat is where General Chaffee, in the letter read by the Senator from<br />Vermont [Mr. PROCTOR], said the rebellion would be stamped out in a<br />short tile.<br />"But no Americans over here blame the army for such measures, as these<br />natives have no respect for anything short of torture. They are<br />exceedingly cruel themselves, and they consider leniency a sign of<br />weakness and fear. The "water cure" is the favorite torture of the<br />Americans to force the natives to give information concerning the<br />insurrectos. The native is bound and gagged, and one soldier pours<br />water and sand down his throat while another beats him on the stomach,<br />which soon swells out like a drum. This torture is said to be<br />horrible, and it generally makes the Filipino betray everything, but<br />many of them are game to the last and carry their secret to the grave.<br />A soldier who was with General Funston told me that he helped<br />administer the " water cure" to 160 natives, all but 26 of whome died."<br /><br />Title: The problem in the Philippines. Speech of Hon. Henry M. Teller,<br />of Colorado, in the Senate of the United States ... February 11, 12,<br />and 13, 1902.<br />Author: Teller, Henry Moore, 1830-1914.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-70822697571797251252008-07-13T23:15:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:17:07.902+08:00American torture in the Philippines. III<img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/fonso/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-28.jpg" alt="" /><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/fonso/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-29.jpg" alt="" /><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/fonso/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-30.jpg" alt="" /><br /><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/fonso/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-31.jpg" alt="" /> Upon our return to Philadelphia, a few days later, a gentleman known<br />to us stepped into our office and placed in our hands a long letter<br />from another soldier in the Regular Army in the Philippines addressed<br />to relatives in this city. It had every evidence of being sincere and<br />genuine. This letter described events as they appeared to the writer,<br />and was wholly without any tone of exaggeration or sensationalism. It<br />described the "water-cure" torture just as did the letter quoted<br />above. We give the following extract:, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, April 5,<br />1900. MY DEAR --: As this is the last day for some time that I will<br />have a chance to write, I thought this would be a good time to begin<br />one. We are still at it, and making preparations for the rainy season,<br />which is expected about the middle or latter part of June. Any of the<br />natives who have a gun can turn it in to us and get 830 Mexican<br />(Mexican money) for it, so a good many are bought in that way. We have<br />a company of Macabebe scouts here who go out with white troops, and if<br />they can not get any guns voluntarily they proceed to give the fellow<br />the water cure-i. e., they throw them on their backs, stick a gag in<br />their mouths to keep it open and proceed to fill them with water until<br />they can hold no more, then they get on them and by sudden pressure on<br />t stomach and chest force the water out again. I guess it must cause<br />excruciating agony, as they nearly always disclose where guns are<br />hidden. Of course there is no pay for guns got in that manner. It is<br />rather a harsh way for us to use them. I wonder how we would feel were<br />we used in such a manner? The soldiers who look on think it is a huge<br />joke. These Macabebes are a people who have always been held in<br />contempt and subjection by the Tagals. They are not very numerous and<br />not the equal of the latter in anything except ferocity. Had the<br />former known a year ago that they would take arms for us, I think they<br />would have exterminated them.<br /><br />Title: The problem in the Philippines. Speech of Hon. Henry M. Teller,<br />of Colorado, in the Senate of the United States ... February 11, 12,<br />and 13, 1902.<br />Author: Teller, Henry Moore, 1830-1914.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-1309680032651327432008-07-13T23:13:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:15:02.047+08:00American torture in the Philippines. III am inclined to think that Dr. Stuntz himself, if he had been<br />subjected to some of the tortures which I know some of our officers<br />have inflicted on Filipinos, would have admitted things that he does<br />not really assent to the infallibility of the Pope, for example, in<br />order to escape the sufferings which these entail. Or, supposing that<br />he or any of us were called upon to witness inflicted on: some near<br />and dear relative, or friend of ours, a torture which I have reason to<br />know one of our officers inflicted on a Filipino woman; he or we might<br />be induced to say almost anything was true which we knew to be false,<br />in 'order to free one we loved from such shameful treatment. This poor<br />woman was completely stripped of her clothing, her feet were tied<br />together, and she was lowered by ropes, head downward, into a well,<br />until through suffering and fear she gave so-called testimony which<br />secured the death of four men. That testimony was actually used to<br />take these men's lives.<br /><br />Title: The water cure from a missionary point of view: by Homer C. Stuntz.<br />Author: Stuntz, Homer Clyde, 1858-1924.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-80995444542733956892008-07-13T23:11:00.000+08:002008-07-13T23:12:39.363+08:00American torture in the Philippines. ILater on Mr. George Keunon, the special investigator of the Outlook,<br />wrote in the issue of that journal, March II, 11 /01 on this subject<br />as follows: " For the Practice of torture in the Philippines, there<br />is no excuse whatever, and yet that we have sanctioned, if not<br />directly employed, the 'water torture' as a means of extorting<br />information from the natives seems certain. "An officer of the<br />Regular Army now serving in Luzon, from whose letters, I have already<br />made quotation, describes the water torture, as practiced by Macabebe<br />scouts in our service, as follows: "A company of Macabebes enter a<br />town or barrio, catch some man-it matters not whom-ask him if he<br />knows where there are any guns, aned upon receiving a negative<br />answer, five or six of them throw him down, one holds his head, while<br />others have hold of an arm or a leg. They then proceed to give him<br />the " water torture," which is the distension of the internal organs<br />with water. After they are distended a cord is sometimes placed<br />around the body and the water expelled. From what I have heard, it<br />appears to be generally applied, and its use is not confined to one<br />section. Although it results in the finding of a number of guns, it<br />does us an infinite amount of harm. Nor are the Macabebes the only<br />ones who use this method of obtaining information.<br /><br /><br />" Personally, I have never seen this torture inflicted, nor have I<br />ever knowingly allowed it; but I have seen a victim a few minutes<br />afterwards, with his mouth bleeding where it had been cut by a<br />bayonet used to hold the mouth open, and his face bruised( where he<br />had been struck by the Macabebes. Add to this the expression of his<br />face and his evident weakness from the torture, and you have a<br />picture which, once seen, will not be forgotten. I am not chicken-<br />hearted, but this policy hurts us. Summary executions are and will be<br />necessary in a troubled country, and I have no objection to seeing<br />that they are carried out, but I am not used to torture. The<br />Spaniards used the torture of water throughout the islands as a means<br />of obtaining information, but they used it sparingly and only when it<br />appeared evident that the victim was culpable. Americans seldom do<br />things by halves. We come here and announce our intention of freeing<br />the people from three or four hundred years of oppression, and<br />say 'We are strong, and powerful, and grand.' Then to resort to<br />inquisitorial methods and use them without discrimination is unworthy<br />of us, and will recoil on us as a nation.<br />" It is painful and humiliating to have to confess that in some of<br />our dealings with the Filipinos we seem to be following more or less<br />closely the example of Spain. We have established a penal colony; we<br />burn native villages near which there has been an ambush or an attack<br />by insurgent guerrillas; we kill the wounded; we resort to torture<br />as a means of obtaining information; and in private letters from two<br />officers of the Regular Army in the Philippines I find the<br />prediction that in certain provinces we shall probably have to resort<br />to the method of reconcentration practiced by General Weyler in Cuba."<br /><br /><br />Senate of the United States ... February 11, 12, and 13, 1902.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-13753102819941111372008-06-03T20:13:00.000+08:002008-06-03T20:16:39.741+08:00American tyranny in the Philippines. IDOCTRINE OF DESTINY<br /><br />I think I may safely assert that it is not the duty of any individual<br />or nation to attempt an impossible task, or to attempt a task<br />difficult in the extreme unless it is to be followed by great good. We<br />have attempted that task, sometimes under the pretense that it was to<br />bring a commercial advantage to us, sometimes under the pretense that<br />destiny or Providence had imposed the duty on us. I do not know what<br />men mean when they tell us that destiny has required us to do a<br />certain thing. Do they mean, in the case of the Philippines, that the<br />Omnipotent has decreed that we shall enter upon a period of spoliation<br />and war, and that with blood and bayonets, and swords, and the<br />thundering of cannon we shall force upon the people of the Philippine<br />Islands that which we think is good for them and that which they think<br />they know is not good for them? If I had such conceptions of Deity, I<br />should have to change every sentiment of my heart, and I do not<br />believe it is much less than sacrilege to say that the Almighty<br />demands this sacrifice of us.<br /><br /><br /><br />Title: The problem in the Philippines. Speech of Hon. Henry M. Teller,<br />of Colorado, in the Senate of the United States ... February 11, 12,<br />and 13, 1902.<br />Author: Teller, Henry Moore, 1830-1914.fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18776459.post-61455937687415005072008-05-30T09:18:00.000+08:002008-05-30T09:24:41.179+08:00Annals of American History: The Water Cure: Reporting & Essays: The New Yorker<a href="http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/02/25/080225fa_fact_kramer">Annals of American History: The Water Cure: Reporting & Essays: The New Yorker</a>fonsucuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01178230352131699741noreply@blogger.com0